History of the Department

One of the oldest departments of KazNMU named after S.D.Asfendiyarova is the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, which was established in late October 1934, the department staff celebrate the 80-year anniversary.History of the department is essentially a history of the development of obstetric science, training of the science and teaching staff in Kazakhstan.Prior to the establishment of other medical schools, as well as the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (1975), which later received the status of the National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health (1990), first Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the first in Kazakhstan medical university was the only institution where training of scientific-pedagogical and medical specialists in obstetrics and gynecology took place.

The founder of the department was Professor Alexander IvanovichMalinin, who headed the department for 17 years (1934-1951). At that time the clinical base of the Department was located in two old buildings of the city hospital, one of which had obstetrical clinic, in another – gynecological, each with 40 beds. A.I. Malinin did a great job of recruiting teaching staff of the department and strengthening the clinical base. If at the time of the establishment of the department its staff consisted of professors and two assistants, then in 1951, in addition to head of the department, two docents (Tatiana Alexandrovna Koryakina, Camila Dosovna Utegenova) and 7 assistants worked there. Each of them deserves a special mention. T.A. Koryakina – a graduate of the Kazan State University, arrived in Kazakhstan on distribution, for 9 years she worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist in Karkaralinsk, Uralsk.Since 1937 T.A. Koryakina was department staff, first – an assistant, then –a docent. K.D.Utegenova – a graduate of the Kazakh Medical Institute, a student of professor A.I. Malinin. There were Maria Andreyevna Bulina, Vera Petrovna Terentieva, Lydia Anatolievna Yakhontova, Nikolay Aleksandrovich Shilko, Lidia Ivanovna Karynbaeva who worked for many years at the Department. Scientific studies of the department staff and professor A.I. Malinin concerned problems of the obstetric and gynecological care organization in the Republic, blood transfusion, unsafe abortion, postpartum septic diseases. Under the guidance of Professor A.I. Malinin 9 PhD theses were defended, including of K.D. Utegenova on “Primary ovarian cancers in clinical and histological aspect” and H.E. Murzalieva on the theme: “The course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in typhoid fever”.

A.I. Malinin organized the Republican Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, which he headed from 1934 to 1951. For great merits in training of scientific and pedagogical staff A.I. Malinin was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, for his outstanding scientific, pedagogical and organizational activities by Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR in 1944 and in 1946. A.I.Malinin was awarded the Order “Badge of Honor” and “Red Banner of Labor”. In 1951, A.I. Malinin was the contest for the superintendence of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Yaroslavl Medical Institute and left Kazakhstan.

From 1951 to 1958, the department was headed by Professor Yakov Savelievich Klenitsky who had came from Leningrad. During the Great Patriotic War Y.S. Klenitsky headed the surgical department of the hospital of the Navy. After the war, he was a staff member of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Leningrad Medical Institute, then he defended his candidate and doctoral dissertations, was awarded the title of professor.Then he headed the department at the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Otta. For 7 years of heading the department at the Kazakh State Medical Institute Y.S. Klenitsky did a great job on the preparation of highly qualified scientific and pedagogical staff.The main areas of research were the organization of medical and preventive care for women living in conditions of transhumance, the optimization of diagnosis and treatment of anomalies of labor activity, infertile marriages. An experiment investigated the role of the nervous system in the occurrence of malignant tumors. Under the leadership of Y.S. Klenitskythere were 2 doctoral and 13 master’s theses performed and successfully defended.His students – Maria Andreevna Bulina, Saken Nugmanovich Nugmanov, Raisa Sadikovna Amanzholova, Yuri Veniaminovich Dreizin, Nadezhda Nikitichna Mezinova – successfully defended their candidate and doctoral dissertations, later headed the department. S.N. Nugmanov became the first director of the Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology, which was established in 1960.

From 1958 to 1978 the department was headed by Professor K.D. Utegenova, one of the first students of AI Malinin. After the graduation from Kazakh State Medical Institute Camila Dosovna Utegenova worked in the region, then completed clinical residency. She grew from a clinical resident to an assistant, docent, head of the department. Doctoral thesis of K.D. Utegenova was devoted to a new direction at the time – the relationship of the body of mother and fetus, and performed in the laboratories and clinics of Leningrad. From 1952 to 1958KD Utegenova headed the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Pediatrics and sanitation faculties, and then for 20 years headed the department of medical faculty of the Almaty Medical Institute.She established herself as a talented organizer, teacher, highly skilled obstetrician and gynaecologist. Under her leadership, 26 master’s theses were prepared and defended. Scientific research of the department staff was dedicated to issues important for the Republic – the prevention and reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality.Among the many students of K.D. Utegenova there is Nina Amirovna Kayupova better known in the country and abroad who took a pathway from graduate student to docent at the department, professor, director of the National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health. N.A.Kayupova was awarded the Order “Parasat”, became the People’s Deputy and Senator.

From 1978 to 1993 the department was headed by a student of Y.S. Klenitsky Professor N.N. Mezinova, a graduate of the Almaty Medical Institute. Labor and scientific activity of N.N. Mezinova consisted of working first at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, where she was a graduate student, assistant, then at the National Scientific Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology, where she organized Laboratory of Endocrinology and the department of hormone-dependent tumors, which she headed. After defending his doctoral dissertation and obtaining the title of professor NN Mezinova wona competition for superintendence of the home Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and headed until 1993, then for 20 years she was a professor of this department. The main research areas of Professor NN Mezinova and her students deal with the issues of improving the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of precancerous processes of the uterus, breast. A large section is devoted to research of optimization of management of pregnancy and childbirth in women at high risk for perinatal and maternal mortality. Under her leadership, 3 doctoral and 22 master’s theses are prepared and successfully defended. Her students G.K.Omarova, N.N.Kobzar are currently heads of Departments, V.N.Lokshin – MD, professor, a corresponding member of National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, the Director for Science Institute of Reproductive Medicine.

From 1993 to 1998 the department was headed by Professor Adebiet Temirgalievna Raisova, a graduate of the Karaganda Medical Institute. Master’s and doctoral dissertations she performed on the basis of the All-Union Research Centre for Maternal and Child Health. The main focus of research work of Professor AT Raisova and her students was studying the role of hormonal disorders in the pathogenesis of miscarriage, a number of gynecological diseases.

From 1998 to 2008 the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Aygerim Mzhaverovna Doschanova, a graduate of Aktobe Medical Institute. During these years, new methodologies were introduced in the educational process, such as programmed teaching, whichprovided opportunity to increase the capacity of independent work of students. The department staff published collections of test tasks, tasks of urgent states in obstetrics and gynaecology, gynaecological endocrinology.

The scientific direction of the department was optimization of methods of diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis, as well as research methods for determining the condition of the scar on the uterus after caesarean section and indications for vaginaldelivery in women with a uterine scar. Under the guidance of Professor AM Doschanovoy during her work in Almaty 40 dissertations were prepared and defended, including 3 for the degree of doctor of medical sciences. There are receivedpatents for the invention. Currently, Professor AM Doschanova heads one of the departments of obstetrics and gynecology in Astana.

In 2008, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences Lira Kabbasovna Kaliyeva wholeads the Department till now.

In 1997, the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology of medical and pediatric faculitesmerged due to the reorganization of faculties. From 1997 to 2006, there was one department, within which there were 49 teachers. The educational process was conducted on the medical, pediatric, sanitary and dental faculties. The department trained on obstetrics and gynecology 4,5,6-year-students, medical interns, residents, aspirants, as well as there was specialisation of practitioners of the Enhancements Faculty. The department was on the basis of three city maternity hospitals, gynecology wards of the emergency medical hospital, 12 city hospital and two female consultations.

In addition to the educational process and training of scientific personnel, members of the department carried out great medical work, travelled to the southern region of the Republic to provide organizational and methodological assistance to obstetric facilities of Shymkent, Zhambyl, Kyzylorda regions.

In 2006, the departmentwas restructured, two Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology №1 and №2were organized.

At the present time the main scientific direction of the department is the improvement of the scientific bases of reproductive health of women and periconceptional prevention.

The pedagogical process applies educational technologies, based on the continuity of theoretical and clinical disciplines, informatization of educational process with the maximum mobilization of independent activity of students.

Department staff provide consultative, therapeutic, diagnostic and scientific-methodological assistance to practical health care. Seminars, round tables on topical issues and urgent states in obstetrics, gynecology and perinatologyare carried out.

Currently modernization of the technical base of obstetric clinics is completed, which allowed to greatly improve the efficiency of delivery of medical care, improve the quality of research and the educational process. In obstetrical clinics innovative perinatal technologies are introduced. So, when there is postpartum bleeding surgical hemostasis is performed preserving reproductive organ.

The department staff provide specialized care to gynecological patients with uterine fibroids, extended forms of endometriosis, genital ptosis and prolapse, malformations of genitals, stress incontinence.

Reconstructive plastic surgeries on the fallopian tubeswith peritoneal tubal infertility are performed. After these operations, 23% of women has reproductive function restored.

The department staff defended one doctoral and 5 candidate theses, published more than 100 articles in the print media in the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign journals, received 2 certificates of authorship, 10 patents for inventions, 4 rationalization proposals.

Currently, the department employs 2 professors, 5 docents, 31 assistants, 3 senior laboratory assistants.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology №2 is headed by L.K. Kalieva, Doctor of Medical Sciences, a graduate of the Almaty Medical Institute, her scientific and pedagogical work experience is 31 years, medical experience – 38 years. L.K. Kalieva’s doctoral thesis was devoted to optimizing the methods of diagnostics, conservative and surgical treatment of genital tuberculosis.

The department employs 3 doctors of sciences, 8 senior lecturers and 10 assistants.

The scientific direction of the department of obstetrics and gynecology №2 is improvement of diagnostic methods and treatment of genital endometriosis and improvement of the rehabilitation of women who have undergone emergency hysterectomy in childbirth. Department staff are actively implementing in gynecological practice minimally invasive surgical treatments. The teaching staff of the department have published more than 500 scientific papers, published 5 monographs, 2 textbooks on obstetrics and gynecology in the state language, 10 textbook editions, obtained 3 patents for invention.

The department carries outtrainingof V-year-students of the faculty of General Medicine, interns – general practitioners (GPs) and resident-trainees on obstetrics and gynecology speciality. The department staff introduced and widely use interactive and innovative teaching methods in the learning process, such as: TBL, SBL, program «Socrative», is used,and practical skills are practiced in the modern multipurpose phantoms and simulators at the Practical skills Center of KazNMU.

At the department, under the guidance of teachers,students have conducted research, whose results are published in scientific journals and collections of scientific works of students of medical universities of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belorussia. In recent years, at the national and university competitions of student work, student reportshave won prizes. In 2014, the work of 5-year-students of the Faculty of General Medicine took first place and received the Grand Prize at the Student Olympiad in obstetrics and gynecology in Novosibirsk.

Science and human resources of two departments of obstetrics and gynecology is able to solve the tasksposed in the long-term plan of development of the Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D.Asfendiyarova to train specialists with fundamental knowledge in the field of medicine that can treat patientsaccording to world standards, using innovative technologies, keeping the covenants of their teachers and traditions of domestic medicine to be merciful, kind and sensitive to their patients.